The main types of capacitors in the electronics market | Focus on mid-to-high-end brand capacitor manufacturers

There are various types of capacitors on the market. Each type of capacitor has its own characteristics and applications. The available capacitor types include very small precision trimmer capacitors for oscillators or radio circuits, as well as those used for high-voltage power correction and smoothing circuits. High-power metal can capacitors. Comparisons between different types of capacitors are usually made with regard to the dielectric used between the boards. Like resistors, there are variable types of capacitors, which allow us to change their capacitance value for use in radio or 'frequency tuning' type circuits. Commercial type capacitors are made of metal foils interwoven with thin sheets of paraffin-impregnated paper or polyester film as dielectric materials. Some capacitors look like tubes because the metal foil is rolled into a cylindrical shape to form a small package with an insulating dielectric material sandwiched between them. Small capacitors are usually made of ceramic materials and then dipped in epoxy resin to seal them. Either way, capacitors play an important role in electronic circuits, so here are some more 'common' types of capacitors. Dielectric capacitors Dielectric capacitors are usually of variable type, and the continuous change of the capacitor is necessary for tuning transmitters, receivers and transistor radios. The variable dielectric capacitor is a multi-plate air-spaced type that has a set of fixed plates (stator blades) and a set of movable plates (rotor blades) that move between the fixed plates. The position of the moving board relative to the fixed board determines the total capacitance value. When the two sets of plates are fully engaged together, the capacitance is usually maximum. The high-voltage tuning capacitor has a relatively large spacing or air gap between the plates, and the breakdown voltage can reach several thousand volts. In addition to the continuous variable type of variable capacitor symbol, a preset variable capacitor called a trimmer can also be used. These are usually small devices that can be adjusted or 'preset' to a specific capacitance value with the help of a small screwdriver, and can provide very small capacitances of 500pF or less and are non-polarized. Film capacitor type Film capacitors are the most commonly used capacitors among all types of capacitors. They consist of a relatively large series of capacitors. The difference lies in their dielectric properties. These include polyester (polyester film), polystyrene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, metallized paper, Teflon, etc. The capacitance of film capacitors ranges from 5pF to 100uF, depending on the actual type of capacitor and its rated voltage. Film capacitors also come in various shapes and housing types, including: § Wrapping and filling (oval and round)-capacitors are wrapped with tight plastic tape, and the ends are filled with epoxy resin to seal them. §Epoxy resin case (rectangular and round)-The capacitor is encapsulated in a molded plastic case and then filled with epoxy resin. §Metal hermetic sealing (rectangular and circular)-The capacitor is encapsulated in a metal tube or can be sealed with epoxy resin. All the above case styles in axial and radial leads are available. Film capacitors that use polystyrene, polycarbonate, or polytetrafluoroethylene as their dielectric are sometimes called 'plastic capacitors.' The structure of a plastic film capacitor is similar to that of a paper film capacitor, but a plastic film is used instead of paper. Compared with the impregnated paper type, the main advantages of plastic film capacitors are that they operate well under high temperature conditions, have smaller tolerances, very long service life and high reliability. Examples of film capacitors are rectangular metalized film and cylindrical film and sheet types, as shown below. Radial lead type axial lead type film and foil type capacitors are made of elongated thin metal foil strips in which dielectric materials are clamped together, wound into tight rolls, and then sealed in paper or metal tubes. These film types require thicker dielectric films to reduce the risk of tearing or puncture in the film, and are therefore more suitable for lower capacitance values u200bu200band larger housing sizes. Metallized foil capacitors spray metallized conductive films directly on each side of the dielectric, which gives the capacitor self-healing properties, so a thinner dielectric film can be used. For a given capacitance, this allows for higher capacitance values u200bu200band smaller case sizes. Film and foil capacitors are generally used for higher power and more precise applications. Ceramic capacitors, commonly referred to as ceramic capacitors or disc capacitors, are made by coating small porcelain or ceramic discs on both sides with silver, and then stacking them together to make a capacitor. For very low capacitance values, a single ceramic disc of approximately 3-6mm is used. Ceramic capacitors have high dielectric constant (High-K) and are available, so relatively high capacitance can be obtained in a small physical size. They exhibit large non-linear changes in capacitance with temperature and are therefore used as decoupling or bypass capacitors because they are also non-polarized devices. Ceramic capacitors range in value from a few picofarads to one microfarad or two microfarads (μF), but their voltage ratings are usually very low. Ceramic type capacitors usually have a 3-digit code printed on their body to identify their capacitance value in picofarads. Usually, the first two digits indicate the value of the capacitor, and the third digit indicates the number of zeros to be added. For example, a ceramic disc capacitor with marking 103 would represent 10 and 3 in the pico-stop watch, which is equal to 10,000 pF or 10 nF. Similarly, the number 104 will represent 10 and 4 in picofarads, which is equal to 100,000 pF or 100 nF, and so on.
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