The most complete classification of capacitors!

In today's life, the capacitor is one of the indispensable components, ranging from a circuit to a small electronic motherboard, especially the start of a single-phase motor. A capacitor is composed of two metal pieces that are close together, separated by an insulating material. According to different insulating materials, various capacitors can be made. And there are many types of capacitors, and there are many classification methods. The following will introduce the types of capacitors commonly used in electronic circuits: 1. Classification method According to analysis and statistics, capacitors are mainly divided into the following 10 categories: (1) According to the structure, they are divided into three categories: fixed capacitors, variable capacitors and trimmer capacitors. (2) Low-frequency bypass: paper capacitors, ceramic capacitors, aluminum electrolytic capacitors, polyester capacitors. (3) Tuning: ceramic capacitors, mica capacitors, glass film capacitors, polystyrene capacitors. (4) Filtering: aluminum electrolytic capacitors, paper capacitors, composite paper capacitors, liquid tantalum capacitors. (5) Low coupling: paper capacitors, ceramic capacitors, aluminum electrolytic capacitors, polyester capacitors, solid tantalum capacitors. (6) High-frequency bypass: ceramic capacitors, mica capacitors, glass film capacitors, polyester capacitors, glass glaze capacitors. (7) According to the purpose, there are: high-frequency bypass, low-frequency bypass, filtering, tuning, high-frequency coupling, low-frequency coupling, small capacitors. (8) Classified by electrolyte: organic dielectric capacitors, inorganic dielectric capacitors, electrolytic capacitors, electric heating capacitors and air dielectric capacitors, etc. (9) According to different manufacturing materials, they can be divided into: ceramic dielectric capacitors, polyester capacitors, electrolytic capacitors, tantalum capacitors, There are advanced polypropylene capacitors and so on. (10) Small capacitors: metalized paper capacitors, ceramic capacitors, aluminum electrolytic capacitors, polystyrene capacitors, solid tantalum capacitors, glass glaze capacitors, metalized polyester capacitors, polypropylene capacitors, mica capacitors. Capacitor classification Figure 2. Examples of types 2.1 Aluminum electrolytic capacitors Aluminum electrolytic capacitors are made from an aluminum cylinder as the negative electrode, filled with liquid electrolyte, and inserted into a curved aluminum strip as the positive electrode. The capacitor is called an aluminum electrolytic capacitor; it is a kind of A general-purpose electrolytic capacitor made of aluminum with good electrical performance, wide application range and high reliability. It is characterized by large capacity, but large leakage, large errors, and poor stability. It is often used as an AC bypass and filter, and it is also used for signal coupling when the requirements are not high. Electrolytic capacitors are divided into positive and negative poles, and they cannot be connected in reverse. Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor 2.2 Self-healing Shunt Capacitor The self-healing shunt capacitor unit is a rectangular, oval or cylindrical metal shell, fully sealed structure, small size, light weight; and excellent electrical performance, low power factor loss, and self-healing , Long service life; this kind of container has internal fuse, temperature sensor, mechanical explosion-proof and other devices inside, which are safe and reliable, and easy to maintain. Self-healing shunt capacitor 2.3 Film capacitors Film capacitors are non-polar, organic dielectric capacitors. Film capacitors are made of metal foil or metalized film as electrodes, and plastic films such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene or polycarbonate as the medium. Therefore, film capacitors are called Polyethyl Capacitors (also known as Mylar Capacitors), Polypropylene Capacitors (also known as PP Capacitors), Polystyrene Capacitors (also known as PS Capacitors) and Polycarbonate Capacitors according to the types of plastic films. Film capacitors have the characteristics of small size, large capacity, relatively good stability, large insulation resistance, excellent frequency characteristics (wide frequency response), etc., and the dielectric loss is small. Film capacitors are widely used in circuits such as cross-connection of analog signals, bypass of power supply noise, and resonance. Film Capacitor 2.4 Monolithic Capacitors (Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors) Monolithic capacitors are another name for multilayer ceramic capacitors, referred to as MLCC. The basic structure is an insulating intermediate dielectric layer plus two conductive metal electrodes. Therefore, the structure of multilayer chip ceramic capacitors mainly includes three parts: ceramic dielectric, metal inner electrode, and metal outer electrode. The multilayer chip ceramic capacitor is a multi-layer laminated structure, simply put it is a parallel body of a plurality of simple parallel plate capacitors. It is widely used in electronic precision instruments, and various small electronic devices are used for resonance, coupling, filtering and bypass. Monolithic Capacitor 2.5 Ceramic Chip Capacitor The ceramic chip capacitor is a capacitor that uses ceramic materials as a medium, coats a metal film on the ceramic surface, and then sinters at a high temperature as an electrode. It is usually used in high-stability oscillation circuits as loops, bypass capacitors and pad capacitors. Ceramic chip capacitors are divided into high-frequency porcelain and low-frequency porcelain. Capacitors with a small positive capacitance temperature coefficient are used in high-stability oscillating circuits as loop capacitors and pad capacitors. Low-frequency ceramic capacitors are limited to bypass or DC blocking in circuits with lower operating frequencies, or occasions where stability and loss are not high (including high frequency).
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